Separate the three common baggage categories
A personal item generally fits under the seat, a cabin bag goes into the overhead bin, and checked luggage travels in the aircraft hold. Airlines define size, weight and fee limits differently.
An airline may allow a carry-on case for one fare but only a smaller personal item on another. Always check the exact ticket benefits, not only the airline’s headline policy.
Check special and restricted items
Lithium batteries, liquids, medicine, sporting equipment and musical instruments may have additional conditions depending on route and jurisdiction. Airport security rules are separate from the airline’s commercial baggage allowance.
Check the operating carrier and departure airport’s official rules before packing items that may be restricted.
Make a final pre-departure check
Allow for expanded bag dimensions including handles and wheels. Some airlines weigh cabin bags at the gate.
Keep valuables and essential medication in an appropriate bag according to airline and security rules, and make sure the baggage tag matches your itinerary.
Policies and laws can change. Confirm urgent or booking-specific questions using the airline or regulator's official source.